Investors like Jay-Z and Google have taken notice of the growing rent-to-own market — but could it be your path to homeownership?

Two companies, Landis and Divvy Homes, have raised tens of millions of dollars in funding over the last year. And another big name in the sector, Home Partners of America, was acquired by alternative investment firm Blackstone in 2021 for $6 billion.

Market research published at the end of 2022 shows that the $10 billion rent-to-own industry is projected to grow over the next five years to be worth over $15 billion by 2027.

Lease-to-own agreements allow prospective homebuyers to rent and live in houses they’d one day like to buy. While you’re renting, you’ll pay a little extra every month that can be used as your down payment once the rental term is up.

This buying model is marketed as a way to transition to homeownership without having to clear the hurdle of affording a down payment.

But the closer you look at this arrangement, the more cracks begin to show.

What are lease-to-own or rent-to-own homes?

With a lease-to-own contract, you can chip away at your down payment over time, rather than having to have it in cash upfront. And your down payment installments help build equity in the home before you’re the official owner.

And if you’ve had financial struggles in the past, you’ll also eke out a little more time to get your finances in good shape, like improving your credit score, so you can qualify for a better rate on your mortgage.

That being said, it’s not as tidy as a traditional sale.

In these deals, everything is up for negotiation: purchase prices, down payments, closing costs. It can get convoluted as you try to come to terms on all aspects of the sale.

And there are no standard contracts for this approach. With completely negotiable terms and fewer regulations compared to straightforward buying or renting, buyers face a lot more risk with this set up.

If it’s something you’re considering, you should seek out qualified professionals like a real estate agent and an attorney to go over the agreement before you sign anything.

How these agreements are usually structured

There are two different types of agreements you might enter into: a lease option agreement or a lease purchase agreement.

The option agreement allows you to decide if you want to go forward with purchasing the home once the rental term has ended. And with a purchase agreement, you’re legally required to go through with the sale.

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With so many variables involved, agreements vary widely in structure and content, but they contain the same basic components:

• Purchase price: With lease-to-own agreements, sometimes the price becomes official when you sign the contract, but other times it’s decided only once the lease term expires. And that price can be based on the value of the home when you enter into the deal, or what the seller anticipates the house's value will be down the road.
• Rent payments: The contract will lay out how much you'll pay in rent every month. You may find the home is generally more expensive than other rentals in the area because part of the payment is being credited towards your future purchase of the house.
• Maintenance: While you’re renting, the seller may ask you to be responsible for any regular costs associated with the home, including maintenance and repairs. You may also have to cover homeowner’s association (HOA) fees and property taxes. Make sure you clearly read the contract and understand exactly what you’re responsible for while you’re still renting.
• Option money: This mandatory one-time, non-refundable fee is what grants you the opportunity to buy the house. Some sellers will agree to put this sum towards your equity in the home, but it’s up to them. How much you’ll pay is generally based on a set percentage of the value of the home.
• Lease term: The lease term, or how long you’ll rent the home, will be written into your contract. If this term ends and you can't qualify for financing or decide you don’t want to buy the home afterall, the option to buy will expire.
• Closing process: Once the lease term ends, if you plan to purchase the property, you’ll need to secure financing. After you’ve been approved, your mortgage lender will set the closing date and after that, the ownership will then be transferred over to you. Whatever was set aside for your purchase will then be credited to your loan.

There are some serious downsides

While it may all sound great, and you’ve got the insurance of a contract, it doesn’t take much for a rent-to-own situation to go sideways.

If you’re already in a precarious financial position, a lease-to-own agreement isn’t likely to make it better. First off, your rent will likely be significantly more expensive than if you were in a simple rental agreement.

Keep in mind that your landlord or property owner isn’t required to put your option money towards the down payment. Which means they can decide to keep it for themselves, leaving you out a chunk of change.

And if you need to move or decide not to buy the home after the rental term ends, you’ll be walking away with less than nothing — as you’ll lose all the money you already invested in the home’s equity.

These contracts also tend to favor the seller. At any point, the seller can cancel the contract for any small infraction or violation and you have no recourse. Or they could simply change their mind. Going to court to force them to follow through on the deal can be expensive and there’s no guarantee it will work anyway.

Even if everything goes well, you may also find yourself on the hook for any repairs and maintenance that come up while still renting. And since you’re not yet an owner in the home, you wouldn’t qualify for a home equity loan or line of credit to help you cover the costs.

There’s also the possibility that the home’s value could decrease. If you agree to a set price when you sign the contract and the home isn’t worth it by the time you’re prepared to buy, it may be hard to find a mortgage lender willing to loan you more than the house is worth.

Finally, if anything happens with the actual owner’s financial situation and there is a lien placed on the home or it goes into foreclosure, you’ll lose your rights to the property.

Alternatives to lease-to-own homes

Given all the risk on the buyer’s end, rent-to-own may not be the right approach for most aspiring home buyers.