Around 42% of Americans retire sooner than expected, according to Allianz Life Insurance. Often, this happens because they have no choice, with health issues and unexpected job loss being among the top reasons for unplanned early retirement.
If you’re laid off later in life, it’s understandable why you’d consider leaving the workforce instead of trying to start over someplace new. But you’ll want to make sure saying goodbye to paid employment sooner won’t leave you without the funds you need to support yourself in your later years.
Let’s say, for example, that Joshua was let go from his job at 52. He has $3 million saved, and he’d prefer to simply stop working rather than start the job hunt. However, Joshua isn’t sure whether quitting actually makes sense, especially given how many years he has left until he can claim Social Security and enroll in Medicare.
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So, should Joshua quit, or does he have to stick it out a while longer to preserve his financial stability?
It’s all about the spending
While $3 million sounds like a lot of money, the reality is that this number isn’t the only one that matters in determining if Joshua can (or should) retire at 52.
“Three million isn’t the answer,” Niels Buksik, a CFP professional and the founder of ANCHORY, told Moneywise. “Your spending is.”
Haleh Moddasser, a CPA and senior wealth advisor at Hightower Signature Wealth, agreed, explaining to Moneywise that you must make sure your savings can cover expenses, including routine costs, as well as taxes on portfolio earnings, healthcare expenses and home maintenance, which she warned is “typically higher than people assume.”
You must also take rising prices into account, since your investments have to support you for a long time. Moddasser said to anticipate “3% inflation for normal living expenses, on average, and 5% or more on healthcare costs.”
Finally, she cautioned that you can’t forget deductibles, drugs and other out-of-pocket expenses, especially as you won’t have Medicare coverage until age 65. Before that time, Joshua could rely on spousal coverage if his wife has it available through work, or may have to pay for a private health insurance policy on the individual market.
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Determine if your income can cover you
Once Joshua has an idea of all of the costs he’d incur if he retires now, he’ll need to make sure his money stretches far enough.
The 4% rule is a strategy that can help you avoid running out of retirement money. It recommends withdrawing 4% of your savings in the first year of retirement. If Joshua took that advice, his $3 million could produce $120,000 in income his first year of retirement and then would rise with inflation each year.
“If you can live on that, retiring is realistic. If you’re used to spending $200,000, it isn’t, yet,” Buksik said. He also stressed the importance of making sure your savings plan can support you for a long time.
“With the progress in medicine, and now AI speeding up healthcare research, I’d plan to age 100 rather than 90,” Buksik said. “That could mean 45 to 50 years of withdrawals.”
Deal with the logistical challenges
Joshua also has more to consider, beyond making sure his savings will cover his spending needs. This includes logistical challenges, like how to access his funds.
Typically, you can’t make withdrawals from your retirement accounts until age 59½ without incurring a penalty, but Joshua has years to go until he reaches the required age. In fact, he’s too young even to qualify for a rule set up for early withdrawals.
“At 52, the ‘rule of 55’ for 401(k)s doesn’t apply yet,” Buksik said. “Money in a regular brokerage account, cash, and Roth contributions must become the bridge.”
Bad luck in the stock market early on could also do tremendous damage, as Joshua could be forced to lock in early losses if he must sell to cover his costs.
And a decision to claim Social Security before full retirement age (which is age 67 if he was born in 1960 or later) could leave Joshua with a reduced monthly benefit for life. In fact, he could reduce his standard benefit by as much as 30% if he claimed at 62.
Joshua can try to overcome these challenges by waiting to claim Social Security until 67 despite early retirement and by keeping some money in cash to live on in case of a downturn. If he has a plan for this and is confident the income from his $3 million will be more than enough to live on, he can consider retiring.
Of course, since he is so young, he’ll also need a plan for how to spend his days. Being smart about both money and lifestyle can help set him up for success.
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Christy Bieber is a US based personal finance and legal writer who has 15 years of experience. She has written for many publications including Forbes, Kilplinger, CNN, WSJ, Credit Karma, Insurify and more.
