He continued: “This is simple supply and demand, and we have a massive increase in issuance by governments and hyperscalers.”
Indeed, the latest chapter of the AI buildout will be fueled by a borrowing binge among tech giants instead of them drawing on cash flows. According to investment management firm Vanguard, five so-called hyperscalers —Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, and Oracle — have issued $132 billion in bonds so far this year to maintain the swift speed of the AI buildout. By comparison, the five companies issued about $35 billion of debt annually from 2020 to 2024.
‘Reliable buyers’ of U.S. Treasuries are under strain
What’s fueling the current bond sell-off is simple: Investors want higher returns upfront in exchange for holding onto the U.S. government’s debt. Investors are increasingly nervous about the fallout of the US-led war against Iran, which set off another wave of inflation particularly for gas prices. They’re also wary about the rapid pace of AI development and whether the staggering spending levels will yield profits that match.
“What I do think is going on is that the reliable buyers and holders of U.S.Treasuries are under pressure,” El-Erian told CNBC. “China, for geopolitical purposes, is no longer as willing. Japan and the Gulf countries have domestic issues.”
Norway is also catching Wall Street’s attention. On Friday, Norges Bank Investment Management — the body managing the world’s biggest sovereign wealth fund — sent a letter to the Norwegian Finance Ministry pitching to slash the size of its government debt holdings to 50% from its current level of 70%. NBIM seeks to slash the size of its U.S. Treasury holdings by roughly $80 billion, according to Reuters.
Indeed, the appetite of central banks and other price-insensitive buyers is diminishing for U.S. government bonds. Now those next in line to buy are pushing for higher rates.
“Treasuries must increasingly be absorbed by price-sensitive buyers, such as households and investment funds, who react to ongoing fiscal indiscipline and inflationary pressures by demanding higher and higher interest rates for holding long-term debt,” said Benn Steil and Yuma Schuster of the Council on Foreign Relations in a blog post.
How unrest in the bond market affects your wallet
The unsteadiness in the bond market will also serve to drive up everyday costs in the U.S. It starts with the housing market, since mortgage rates usually trail the ten-year Treasury yield. Buying a new home in the U.S. has already been expensive and out of reach for many Americans given the scarce inventory on sale.
Auto loans are also affected by bond yields, particularly five-year Treasuries. Car payments averaged $770 per month in July, according to Experian. For some buyers, that means being compelled to take out a lengthier loan to better afford monthly payments.
Joseph Zeballos-Roig is a policy and politics journalist based in Washington D.C with a focus on economics. He is experienced in connecting the significance of events in the capital to the lives of everyday Americans whether its taxes, tariffs, interest rates or federal programs.
