Active versus passive
Billioknaire investor Warren Buffett has been a vocal advocate for passive investment strategies. He has previously recommended low-cost index funds for average investors and said that 90% of his wife’s inheritance will be deployed in such funds when he passes.
Studies indicate that over long periods, actively managed funds tend to underperform low-cost passive funds that simply track broad indexes. According to the S&P Dow Jones Indices’ scorecard, only 12.02% of all U.S. large-cap actively managed funds outperformed the S&P 500 benchmark index over the 15 years up to the end of 2023.
However, many investors believe they can spot those rare mutual funds that will outperform the index over extended timelines. Ramsey apparently counts himself as one of them.
He conceded that index funds are "wonderful" but rejected Chris' claim that an investor would earn 50% more in an index fund than actively managed funds, "unless you're an absolute idiot" in picking active funds.
Chris argued that even when actively managed funds outperform index funds, the higher costs associated with active management lower your returns by 2%.
“The actively-managed mutual funds that I personally have picked have outperformed the indexes by more than 2% as a portfolio,” Ramsey responded to this. “Because it’s fairly easy to study mutual funds and pick [ones] that outperform. But if you're not going to study them, and you're not going to have a good advisor in your corner, then using the index funds is a great idea.”
Ramsey pointed to his team’s survey of wealthy individuals, which he claims is the “largest study of millionaires.” He said it showed that the large majority became wealthy without large inheritances and "almost all" did it with actively-managed funds in their 401(k)s. He also pointed out that Buffett himself made his enormous fortune through active investing.
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Learn MoreBuffett himself is active
Buffett has been actively investing in stocks and private companies for several decades through his investment vehicle, Berkshire Hathaway. In fact, he purchased his first stock at age 11.
Ramsey says Buffett doesn’t practice what he teaches.
However, the key argument for passive investing is based on skill and fees. Unlike Ramsey, Buffett doesn’t invest in mutual funds but buys stocks directly, which circumvents the expensive fees of money managers. “As Gordon Gekko might have put it: ‘Fees never sleep.’” Buffett once wrote. "When trillions of dollars are managed by Wall Streeters charging high fees, it will usually be the managers who reap outsized profits, not the clients. Both large and small investors should stick with low-cost index funds."
Even a tiny 2% fee can significantly impact the amount of money an average investor accumulates over time. Buffett’s direct approach avoids this cost. But Buffett is a professional investor with decades devoted solely to investing. His chances of beating the market are dramatically higher than that of amateur investors.
This is why passive investing has become more popular in recent years. In 2023, assets managed by passive index funds officially overtook active funds, according to data published by Morningstar.
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